# BPC-157 TB-500 References: The Cited Research Record

> BPC-157 TB-500 references — the full citation list behind this site, with DOIs and PubMed links for every peptide study and the FDA 503A sources, indexed as a research register.

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to an entry below. Peptide studies carry DOIs and PubMed links; the regulatory facts cite FDA pages directly.

## How to read this register

The list below is the complete citation register for this site. Entries 1-9 are the foundational peptide studies — tendon, ligament, angiogenesis, actin-binding structure, and the TB-500 synthesis reference. Entries 10-13 are the recent (2025-2026) reviews and rat studies that bound the evidence honestly. Entries 14-16 are the FDA sources for the 503A regulatory facts on the legal-status page.

A standing note runs through the TB-500 entries: most efficacy data attributed to the name were generated with full-length Thymosin Beta-4, not the `Ac-LKKTETQ` 7-mer [4][9]. Where a claim depends on that distinction, the relevant page says so. The full citation strings, with identifiers, render in the reference list that follows.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[3] Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004;23(18):3599-3608. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329672/
[4] Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012;12(1):37-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22074294/
[5] Chang CH, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(11):19066-19077. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415472/
[6] Cerovecki T, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(9):1155-1161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225319/
[7] Krivic A, et al. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(5):982-989. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/
[8] Staresinic M, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disabled Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines. 2021;9(11):1547. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34829776/
[9] Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012;4(9):733-738. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22962027/
[10] Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40756949/
[11] Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[12] Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[13] Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(1):119. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39861766/
[14] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks. (List entries for BPC-157 and for 'Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500' effective with the September 29, 2023 update.) https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[15] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. (Definitions of Category 1 and Category 2; the January 7, 2025 revised interim policy on newly nominated substances.) https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. (Public calendar listing BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List.) https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026

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A two-channel research console: the BPC-157 and TB-500 literature logged to source, with the blend's missing human readouts left blank rather than filled in — not a clinic, not a vendor, not a prescription.